Most Yanks
are completely oblivious to the fact that there were many more British colonies
in North America in 1776 than just the thirteen represented in the stripes on
the U.S. flag. In addition, fourteen
colonies rather than thirteen joined the rebellion in 1775 that became a
revolution. So, while fourteen rebelled
against Great Britain, seven did not.
Once I got
to writing a list of these, I couldn’t stop myself from going all-out and
listing all the colonies of European powers in the Western Hemisphere in 1776.
Maine was
part of Massachusetts Bay until 1820.
Vermont
seceded from New York in 1777 as New Caledonia initially, then became the
Republic of Vermont, which it remained until entering the Union as a state in
1791.
Gardiner’s
Island is a small island in the bay of the same name at the eastern end of Long
Island, New York. Its owner had been
granted the status of independent colony by the Crown as early as 1639, when
the rest of what is now New York was the New Netherlands. After the revolution, the island came under
the jurisdiction of the town of East Hampton, New York.
Officially
the “Three Lower Counties on the Delaware River”, when it declared independence
from Great Britain, the already autonomous colony seceded from Pennsylvania as
Delaware.
West
Virginia at the time was merely western Virginia, and remained so until
seceding from the secessionist commonwealth in the Civil War to become its own
state in 1863.
Rupert’s
Land was the one part of North America still owned by a proprietary company.
St. John’s
Island became Prince Edward Island in 1798.
Illinois
Country is roughly equivalent to what became Northwest Territory, or the Old
Northwest, in 1787. Until 1763, it was
Upper Louisiane east of the Mississippi River.
While in British hands, it was recognized as Indian Territory, save for
a few British forts.
The
colonies of East Florida and West Florida were established in 1763 when Spain
traded them to Great Britain for Louisiane west of the Mississippi River. After they reverted to Spain in 1783, Spain
retained the division.
The
territory north of West Florida to the Ohio River, what had once been Lower
Louisiane east of the Mississippi River, was a protectorate territory known as
the Indian Reserve. Its affairs involving
Great Britain were handled out of the West Florida capital of Pensacola and
came under the British Indian Department.
It was later denominated the Southwest Territory by the United States.
Norwegian colonies
In North America
Greenland
British colonies
In North America
*Province
of Massachusetts Bay (which then included Maine)
*Province
of New Hampshire
*Connecticut
Colony
*Colony of Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations
*Province
of New York (including Vermont until 1777)
*Colony of Gardiner’s
Island (absorbed by New York in 1783)
*Province
of Pennsylvania
*Province
of New Jersey
*Colony of
the Three Lower Counties (now Delaware)
*Province
of Maryland
*Colony of Virginia
(including West Virginia)
*Province
of North Carolina
*Province
of South Carolina
*Province
of Georgia
Rupert’s
Land (owned by Hudson’s Bay Company)
Province of
Quebec (formerly Canada and including Illinois Country)
Colony of Newfoundland
St. John’s
Island (Prince Edward Island)
Colony of Nova
Scotia (including New Brunswick and Cape Breton Island)
Province of
East Florida (east of Suwanee River)
Province of
West Florida (west of Suwanee River north to 31°N)
Indian
Reserve of 1763 (technically a protectorate of UK)
*The
fourteen colonies which seceded from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1776.
In the Caribbean
Colony of Bermuda
Colony of
the Bahamas
Colony of Jamaica
and dependencies
Island of Jamaica
Cayman Islands
Belize
Mosquito Coast
Bay Islands
Colony of Barbados
Colony of Grenada
Colony of
Tobago
Colony of
Dominica
Colony of
the Leeward Islands
St. Christopher
British Virgin Islands
Anguilla
Antigua
Barbuda
Montserrat
Nevis
St. Vincent
Virreinato de Nueva España
In North America
Reino de Mexico
Provincia de Panzacola (Pensacola)
Ducado de Atlixco
Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca
Capitania-General
de La Florida (until 1763)
Provincia de Luisiana (under
Capitania-General de Cuba)
Comandancia y Capitania-General de las Provincias Internas
Alta California
Baja California
Nueva Navarra
Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico
Tejas y Nuevas Filipinas
Nuevo Vizcaya
Nuevo Extremadura
Nuevo Leon
Nuevo Santander
Nuevo Reino de Galicia
Capitania-General
de Yucatan
Capitania-General
de Guatemala
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Honduras
Chiapas
In the Caribbean
Capitania-General
de Cuba
Provincia de Luisiana
Capitania-General
de Santo Domingo
Capitania-General
de Puerto Rico
Spanish
Lesser Antilles (Trinidad, Tobago)
In the western Pacific
Capitania-General
de las Filipinas
Philippines
Marianas
Carolines
Moluccas
Palau
Northern Taiwan
Other Spanish colonies
In South America
Virreinato
de New Granada (including Panama)
Intendencia de Caracas (Capitania-General
of Venezuela after 1777)
Virreinato
de Peru
Virreinato
del Rio de la Plata
Capitania-General
de Chile
French colonies
In the Caribbean
Saint
Domingue (now Haiti)
French
Lesser Antilles
St. Lucia
St. Martin
Guadeluope
Martinique
Saint Barthelemy
In South America
Guiana
Dutch colonies
In the Caribbean
Dutch Lesser
Antilles
Aruba
Sint Maarten
Bonaire
Curacao
Saba
Sint Eustatius
In South America
Surinam
Essequibo
Berbice
Demerara
Danish colonies
In the Caribbean
Danish Lesser
Antilles (Virgin Islands:
St. Thomas
St. Jan
St. Croix
Portugese colonies
In South America
Vice-reagrupamento
do Brasil
Estado do Brasil
Estado do Maranhao e Piaui
Estado do Grao-Para e Rio Negro
Russian colonies
In North America
Russkaya
Amerika
Alaska
Colony Ross in California
Schaffer’s short-lived colonies on
Oahu and Kaua’i in Hawai’i
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